Study the dialogue below!

Hendra met his friend in the district office.

Hendra : Hi! I am surprised to see you here.

Gunawan : I am visiting my cousin who works here in this village.

Hendra : How long has your cousin been here?

Gunawan : He has lived in this polluted environment for more than 5 years.

Hendra : Why do you say that?

Gunawan : Imagine! For almost two months, the people of the village have had no water, the trees are dying, the soil is drying, the smell is bad, and dust is everywhere.

Hendra : Has he sent the letter to the regent?

Gunawan : Yes, but he hasn’t received the reply yet!

Hendra : How long will this situation continue?

Gunawan : I don’t know. We hope only for the best.

Task One

Answer the following questions!

1. What are Hendra and Gunawan talking about?
2. Whose cousin lives there?
3. Why does he send the letter to the regent?
4. Why do the people of the village have no water?
5. How long have the people of the village had no water?

From the dialogue above you find the expressions how long something has happened.

Mention them!

Task Two

Now write the dialogue ‘Asking how long someone has done something’ with the situation : A businessman/woman checking to see if his/her secretary has done certain tasks, using already or just. Then memorize the dialogue to be performed in front of the class.

Task Three

Study the following sentences!

1. I have written twice to the head of the district and regent.
2. Our well has dried up.
3. We have received no reply.
4. How long has your cousin been here?
5. I have been here since seven o’clock.

Can you tell the functions and the form of each verb pattern above?

Discuss in groups of four! Here are some guidelines to help you.

1. Expresses the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time it happened is not important.

Mention what sentences you can find above!

2. Expresses the repetition of an activity before now.

What sentences?

3. Expresses a situation that began in the past and continues to the present.

Mention them.

Now underline the form of the verbs, then write them.

What adverbs of time can you use with this form of the verb?

Mention as many as possible!

Task four

Put the verbs into the Present Perfect Tense! The first sentence has been done for you.

1. I (know) her for two years.

I have known her for two years.

2. My uncle (be) here since last January.
3. Mr. Payne (move) into a new house.
4. You (break) my pen. I am going to buy a new one.
5. He just (come) from a long journey.
6. I already (finish) my work. I am tired.

Task Five

Put the following sentences into the interrogative form.

Example : She has been here before.

Has she been here before?

1. I have read that book.
2. He has spoken to her about it repeatedly.
3. Amir and Mariam have both finished their lunch.
4. Anton has already had his English lesson.
5. Nani has rung it up.

Task six

Put the following sentences into negative form.

Exampe : He has found his book but Nina … her bag.

He has found his book but Nina hasn’t found her bag.

1. I have spoken to him about it but he … it to the teacher yet.
2. Rita has read the novel, but she … the play.
3. I have seen him for a week but he … for three days.
4. They have cleaned the room but they … the ceiling.
5. I have visited my grandfather but my mother … him.

Congratulations!

Study the following dialogue!

Lani : Congratulations! (Lani and Andi are shaking hands)

Andi : Thank you.

Lani : How did you get the scholarship?

Andi : I was chosen as the best student in my class. First, I didn’t know about it. Then when I opened my report card I got good marks in all subjects. The position is number one. Then I was called by the headmaster. He told me that I had the right to get the yearly scholarship.

Lani : What does your father do?

Andi : My father is an SLTP teacher.

Lani : And your mother?

Andi : She is not a career woman. She manages the household affairs.

Lani : Oh, you are lucky having good parents.

Andi : They always encourage me again and again to work hard.

Task One

Answer the following questions!

1. How many persons are involved in the conversations?
2. Why did Lani congratulate Andi?
3. When did Andi know that he was the best in class?
4. What kind of scholarship did Andi get?
5. Who motivated Andi to work hard?

Task Two

There are three kinds of expressions of congratulating someone.

• Congratulations!
• I am delighted on hearing your success
• Please accept my congratulations.

In pairs, write a short dialogue by using one of the above expressions!

My Tutor Blog

1. Questionnaire : How active are you?
This first task gets students to think in a non judgemental way about their own lifestyles and will provide material for them to reflect on in later activities. You could get the students to interview each other in pairs and try to decide which has the most active lifestyle.

Task 1 How active are you?

1. How often do you walk more than a kilometre?

• Every day
• Once a week
• Once or twice a month
• Very rarely
• Never!

2. When was the last time you took any form of physical exercise? (swimming, running, dancing)

• Yesterday
• Last week
• Last month
• A long time ago
• I can’t remember

3. Tick any of the following activities if you do them regularly:

• Cycling
• Watching TV
• Playing team games (football, rugby)
• Watching team games
• Playing computer games
• Surfing the net
• Walking in the countryside
• Listening to music in your room
• Playing outside/in the garden/in the street
• Going to a gym
• Texting your friends

2. Your health

Task 2 Your health
Can you calculate the number of hours you spend on the activities per day or per week? (e.g. I spend 2 hours a day cycling to school and one hour a day watching TV).

• Which of the activities in the questionnaire might be good for your heart?
• Which activities can be called sedentary?
• Give other examples of sedentary activities.

3. Reading

Task 3 Reading
Read the text and answer the questions.

• How does your lifestyle compare to British teenagers?
• Are they more active than you?

A generation of couch potatoes

Lots of teenagers have posters of their sports hero on their bedroom wall. But do they follow the healthy examples set by these athletes? British parents are worried that young people are not as fit and healthy as in the past. Why is this?

According to the British Heart Foundation, 13 to 15 year olds are spending too much time doing sedentary activities such as watching TV or playing computer games. A special report describes a generation of couch potatoes , young people sitting around at home, growing up in their bedrooms, travelling by car and in serious danger of heart disease as they get older. Is this their fault ? Are young people lazy?

Many parents don’t allow their children to play outside or walk to school by themselves. “ I ring my Dad on my mobile and he picks me up from the station. It’s 10 minutes walk from home but he thinks it is dangerous”, says 14 year old Carrie. Some teenagers blame their over protective parents for making them unfit. It is certainly becoming more difficult to encourage young people to have an active life and protect their hearts. In recent years schools have spent less time on sports. “My Mum did lots of hockey and netball at school but we didn’t have time for that this year because we had so many exams to prepare”, says Ben 16.

4. Do a fitness survey

Task 4 Do a fitness survey
Make a survey for your class to measure fitness levels. Ask questions using:

• How often do you .....?
• When was the last time you .....?

5. Fitness campaign
Elicit a couple of suggestions before groups/pairs start. Artistic students could design a poster to encourage a more active lifestyle or to raise awareness of keeping your heart healthy. Ask the class if there are adverts in their country to encourage healthy habits/diet. Are they effective? This discussion is best with higher level groups.

Task 5 Fitness campaign
Think of 4 ways to encourage young people in your town/area to improve their fitness.

• How can you encourage a more active lifestyle at home and at school?
• Use expressions such as:
• 'I think we should;
• It might be a good idea to..;
• Why don’t we'.

6. Discussion: Attitudes towards lifestyles and healthy living
In this task students have the opportunity to compare their own beliefs with those of the statements. You could put students into pairs and tell one to argue 'for' and the other to argue 'against' each of the statements or they could just defend their own opinions. If you prefer you could do this as an open class debate.

Task 6 Attitudes towards lifestyles and healthy living
Do you agree or disagree with these statements?

• Young people are naturally fit and healthy and don’t need much exercise
• Eating fast food is OK if you don’t eat it every day
• Older people always say negative things about teenagers’ habits
• Sport is good fun
• Teenagers don’t have enough time to do sports because they have too much homework
• Schools should make all students do at least 2 hours of PE a week
• Can you add 2 statements?
• Do your friends agree with you?