Study the dialogue below!

Hendra met his friend in the district office.

Hendra : Hi! I am surprised to see you here.

Gunawan : I am visiting my cousin who works here in this village.

Hendra : How long has your cousin been here?

Gunawan : He has lived in this polluted environment for more than 5 years.

Hendra : Why do you say that?

Gunawan : Imagine! For almost two months, the people of the village have had no water, the trees are dying, the soil is drying, the smell is bad, and dust is everywhere.

Hendra : Has he sent the letter to the regent?

Gunawan : Yes, but he hasn’t received the reply yet!

Hendra : How long will this situation continue?

Gunawan : I don’t know. We hope only for the best.

Task One

Answer the following questions!

1. What are Hendra and Gunawan talking about?
2. Whose cousin lives there?
3. Why does he send the letter to the regent?
4. Why do the people of the village have no water?
5. How long have the people of the village had no water?

From the dialogue above you find the expressions how long something has happened.

Mention them!

Task Two

Now write the dialogue ‘Asking how long someone has done something’ with the situation : A businessman/woman checking to see if his/her secretary has done certain tasks, using already or just. Then memorize the dialogue to be performed in front of the class.

Task Three

Study the following sentences!

1. I have written twice to the head of the district and regent.
2. Our well has dried up.
3. We have received no reply.
4. How long has your cousin been here?
5. I have been here since seven o’clock.

Can you tell the functions and the form of each verb pattern above?

Discuss in groups of four! Here are some guidelines to help you.

1. Expresses the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time it happened is not important.

Mention what sentences you can find above!

2. Expresses the repetition of an activity before now.

What sentences?

3. Expresses a situation that began in the past and continues to the present.

Mention them.

Now underline the form of the verbs, then write them.

What adverbs of time can you use with this form of the verb?

Mention as many as possible!

Task four

Put the verbs into the Present Perfect Tense! The first sentence has been done for you.

1. I (know) her for two years.

I have known her for two years.

2. My uncle (be) here since last January.
3. Mr. Payne (move) into a new house.
4. You (break) my pen. I am going to buy a new one.
5. He just (come) from a long journey.
6. I already (finish) my work. I am tired.

Task Five

Put the following sentences into the interrogative form.

Example : She has been here before.

Has she been here before?

1. I have read that book.
2. He has spoken to her about it repeatedly.
3. Amir and Mariam have both finished their lunch.
4. Anton has already had his English lesson.
5. Nani has rung it up.

Task six

Put the following sentences into negative form.

Exampe : He has found his book but Nina … her bag.

He has found his book but Nina hasn’t found her bag.

1. I have spoken to him about it but he … it to the teacher yet.
2. Rita has read the novel, but she … the play.
3. I have seen him for a week but he … for three days.
4. They have cleaned the room but they … the ceiling.
5. I have visited my grandfather but my mother … him.